A form of phishing that uses Voice over IP (VoIP) to trick users. It will often spoof the caller’s actual phone number by fooling the caller ID system.

The degradation of a cover as a result of embedding information. Visible noise will indicate the existence of hidden information.

A visible and translucent image that is overlaid on a primary image. Visible watermarks allow the primary image to be viewed, but still marks it clearly as property of the owner. A digitally watermarked document, image, or video clip can be thought of as digitally “stamped. ”

The ability to make network traffic jump between VLANs through an abuse of IEEE 802. 1Q VLAN tagging known as double encapsulation.

A network service that provides voice communication services by transporting the voice traffic as network packets over an IP network.

An example of a biometric factor, which is a behavioral or physiological characteristic that is unique to a subject. The speech, tone, modulation, and pitch patterns of a person’s voice are used to establish identity or provide authentication.

A storage medium, such as RAM, that loses its contents when power is removed from the resource.

The act of willingly handing over evidence.

A program used to detect weaknesses within an organization. Vulnerability scans and vulnerability assessments are two common elements of a vulnerability management program. Vulnerability scans are technical scans performed regularly, and vulnerability assessments are normally combined with a risk assessment.

A test performed on a system to find weaknesses in the security infrastructure. Vulnerability scans automatically probe systems, applications, and networks looking for weaknesses that may be exploited by an attacker. The scanning tools used in these tests provide quick point-and-click tests that perform otherwise tedious tasks without requiring manual intervention.