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Radio frequency identification (RFID)
A technology that uses electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to identify a specific device. Each RFID tag includes a unique identifier, so that when a nearby antenna/transceiver actives the tag, it transmits that identifier back to the antenna where that value is recorded or used to trigger some kind of action. For example, most modern toll-road systems use RFID devices that drivers attach to the windshield of their car, and each time a device is “read” by an antenna, the vehicle owner’s toll balance is incremented by the cost of that transit. RFID devices may also be used to track individuals (carrying tags), equipment (bearing tags), and so forth, within the premises of an enterprise for security monitoring.
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The level of interaction between objects. Lower coupling means less interaction. Lower coupling delivers better software design because objects are more independent. Lower coupling is easier to troubleshoot and update. Objects with low cohesion require lots of assistance from other objects to perform tasks and have high coupling. The manner and degree of interdependence between software modules. Types include common environment coupling, content coupling, control coupling, data coupling, hybrid coupling, and pathological coupling.
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An automatic identification and data capture system comprising one or more readers and one or more tags in which data transfer is achieved by means of suitable modulated inductive or radiating electromagnetic carriers.
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The measure in decibels of how much more power an antenna will radiate in a certain direction with respect to that which would be radiated by a reference antenna.
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Any software that covertly gathers user information through the user’s Internet connection without his or her knowledge, usually for advertising purposes. Spyware applications are typically bundled as a hidden component of freeware or shareware programs that can be downloaded from the Internet; however, it should be noted that the majority of shareware and freeware applications do not come with spyware. Once installed, the spyware monitors user activity on the Internet and transmits that information in the background to someone else. Spyware can also gather information about email addresses and even passwords and credit card numbers. Also known as adware. Software that monitors your actions and transmits important details to a remote system that spies on your activity. Sometimes used for malicious and illicit purposes, such as identity theft or account takeover.
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The electromagnetic waves arrive at the directional antenna and are received more readily from one direction than from another. The antenna needs to be aligned with the direction of arrival.
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