Chosen Cipher-Text Attack

An attack in which the attacker has a copy of the encrypted message along with the plain-text message used to generate the cipher text (the copy). This greatly assists the attacker in breaking weaker codes.
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Perfect forward secrecy means that even if a private key is known to an attacker, the attacker cannot decrypt previously sent messages.
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A type of DoS. A teardrop attack occurs when an attacker exploits a bug in an operating system. The bug exists in the routines used to reassemble fragmented packets. An attacker sends numerous specially formatted fragmented packets to the victim, which causes the system to freeze or crash.
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A secret value that is used to encrypt or decrypt messages and is kept secret and known only to the user; used in conjunction with a public key in asymmetrical cryptography. The private or secret key of a key pair, which must be kept confidential and is used to decrypt messages encrypted with the public key, or to digitally sign messages, which can then be validated with the public key.
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A parameter used with a cryptographic algorithm to transform, validate, authenticate, encrypt, or decrypt data. Cryptographic keys provide the “secret” portion of a cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt data.
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