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End system

An OSI system that contains application processes capable of communication through all seven layers of OSI protocols. Equivalent to Internet host.


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Non-IP protocols are protocols that serve as an alternative to IP at the OSI Network layer (3). In the past, non-IP protocols were widely used. However, with the dominance and success of TCP/IP, non-IP protocols have become the purview of special- purpose networks. The three most recognized non-IP protocols are IPX, AppleTalk, and NetBEUI.
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A network protocol conceptual model that was derived from TCP/IP. Also known as the DARPA model and the DoD model. The TCP model has four layers as opposed to the OSI model’s seven. Those four layers from the bottom up are Link, Internet, Host-to-Host, and Process.
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Layer 3 of the OSI model. The OSI layer that is responsible for routing, switching, and subnetwork access across the entire OSI environment. Think of this layer as a post office that delivers letters based on the address written on an envelope.
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Layer 7 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The topmost layer in the OSI Reference Model, providing such communication service is invoked through a software package. This layer provides the interface between end users and networks. It
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The merging of specialty or proprietary protocols with standard protocols, such as those from the TCP/IP suite. Some common examples of converged protocols include FCoE, MPLS, iSCSI, and VoIP.
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