One-Way Function

A function that returns a true value when only one of the input values is true. If both values are false or both values are true, the output of the XOR function is false. The XOR (exclusiveOR) gate acts in the same way as the logical “either/or. ” The output is “true” if either, but not both, of the inputs is “true. ” The output is “false” if both inputs are “false” or if both inputs are “true. ” Another way of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same. 0
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A form of fuzzing that develops inputs based on models of expected inputs to perform the same task. This is also sometimes called intelligent fuzzing.
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A form of fuzzing that modifies known inputs to generate synthetic inputs that may trigger unexpected behavior. Aka dumb fuzzing.
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Mirror image backups (also referred to as bitstream backups) involve the backup of all areas of a computer hard disk drive or another type of storage media (e. g. , Zip disks, floppy disks, Jazz disks, etc. ). Such mirror image backups exactly replicate all sectors on a given storage device. Thus, all files and ambient data storage areas are copied. Such backups are sometimes referred to as “evidencegrade” backups and they differ substantially from standard file backups and network server backups. The making of a mirror image backup is simple in theory, but the accuracy of the backup must meet evidence standards. Accuracy is essential and to guarantee accuracy, mirror image backup programs typically rely on mathematical CRC computations in the validation process. These mathematical validation processes compare the original source data with the restored data. When computer evidence is involved, accuracy is extremely important, and the making of a mirror image backup is typically described as the preservation of the “electronic crime scene. ”
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(1) A software specification and production method, based on discrete mathematics, that comprises: a collection of mathematical notations addressing the specification, design, and development processes of software production, resulting in a wellfounded logical inference system in which formal verification proofs and proofs of other properties can be formulated, and a methodological framework within which software can be developed from the specification in a formally verifiable manner. Mathematical argument which verifies that the system satisfies a mathematically described security policy.
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