Password cracker

Malicious users intent on waging an attack against a person or system. Crackers may be motivated by greed, power, or recognition. Their actions can result in stolen property (data, ideas, and so on), disabled systems, compromised security, negative public opinion, loss of market share, reduced profitability, and lost productivity. The correct name for an individual who hacks into a networked computer system with malicious intentions. The term “hacker” is used interchangeably (although incorrectly) because of media hype of the word “hacker. ” A cracker explores and detects weak points in the security of a computer networked system and then exploits these weaknesses using specialized tools and techniques.
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The term “computer forensics” was coined in 1991 in the first training session held by the International Association of Computer Specialists (IACIS) in Portland, Oregon. Since then, computer forensics has become a popular topic in computer security circles and in the legal community. Like any other forensic science, computer forensics deals with the application of law to a science. In this case, the science involved is computer science and some refer to it as Forensic Computer Science. Computer forensics has also been described as the autopsy of a computer hard disk drive because specialized software tools and techniques are required to analyze the various levels at which computer data is stored after the fact. Computer forensics deals with the preservation, identification, extraction, and documentation of computer evidence. The field is relatively new to the private sector, but it has been the mainstay of technologyrelated investigations and intelligence gathering in law enforcement and military agencies since the mid1980s. Like any other forensic science, computer forensics involves the use of sophisticated technology tools and procedures that must be followed to guarantee the accuracy of the preservation of evidence and the accuracy of results concerning computer evidence processing. Typically, computer forensic tools exist in the form of computer software.
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Limiting access to information system resources only to authorized users, programs, processes, or other systems. The mechanism by which subjects are granted or restricted access to objects. It includes hardware, software, and organizational policies or procedures that identify and authenticate subjects, verify authorization to objects, and monitor or record access attempts. The process of allowing only authorized users, programs, or other computer system (i. e. , networks) to access the resources of a computer system. A mechanism for limiting the use of some resource (system) to authorized users.
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A computer program that is apparently or actually useful and contains a trapdoor or unexpected code. A malicious code object that appears to be a benevolent program, such as a game or simple utility that performs the “cover” functions as advertised but also carries an unknown payload, such as a virus. Program containing hidden code allowing the unauthorized collection, falsification, or destruction of information. (. See malicious code. )
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An application that requires special attention to security due to the risk and magnitude of the harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to, or modification of, the information in the application. A breach in a major application might comprise many individual application programs and hardware, software, and telecommunications components. Major applications can be either major software applications or a combination of hardware/software where the only purpose of the system is to support a specific missionrelated function.
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