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Comprehensive evaluation of the technical and nontechnical security safeguards of an information system to support the accreditation process that establishes the extent to which a particular design and implementation meets a set of specified security requirements. The acceptance of software by an authorized agent, usually after the software has been validated by the agent or its validity has been demonstrated to the agent. The comprehensive evaluation, made in support of the accreditation process, of the technical and nontechnical security features of an IT system and other safeguards to establish the extent to which a particular design and implementation meet a set of specified security requirements.
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A defined set of software components that have been evaluated and whose continuous operation has been determined essential for safe, reliable, and secure operation of the system. Critical software is composed of three elements: (1) safetycritical and safetyrelated software, (2) reliabilitycritical software, and (3) securitycritical software.
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Any software that covertly gathers user information through the user’s Internet connection without his or her knowledge, usually for advertising purposes. Spyware applications are typically bundled as a hidden component of freeware or shareware programs that can be downloaded from the Internet; however, it should be noted that the majority of shareware and freeware applications do not come with spyware. Once installed, the spyware monitors user activity on the Internet and transmits that information in the background to someone else. Spyware can also gather information about email addresses and even passwords and credit card numbers. Also known as adware. Software that monitors your actions and transmits important details to a remote system that spies on your activity. Sometimes used for malicious and illicit purposes, such as identity theft or account takeover.
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A specialized dynamic testing technique that provides many different types of input to software to stress its limits and find previously undetected flaws. Fuzz testing software supplies invalid input to the software, either randomly generated or specially crafted to trigger known software vulnerabilities. The fuzz tester then monitors the performance of the application, watching for software crashes, buffer overflows, or other undesirable and/or unpredictable outcomes.
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A project-scheduling tool. It is a method used to judge the size of a software product in development and calculate the standard deviation (SD) for risk assessment. PERT relates the estimated lowest possible size, the most likely size, and the highest possible size of each component. PERT is used to direct improvements to project management and software coding in order to produce more efficient software. As the capabilities of programming and management improve, the actual produced size of software should be smaller.
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