Adaptive array (AA)

The electromagnetic waves arrive at the directional antenna and are received more readily from one direction than from another. The antenna needs to be aligned with the direction of arrival.
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Caused by a signal feeding past a repeater (or receive antenna) to the receiving antenna at the next station in the route.
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A technology that uses electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to identify a specific device. Each RFID tag includes a unique identifier, so that when a nearby antenna/transceiver actives the tag, it transmits that identifier back to the antenna where that value is recorded or used to trigger some kind of action. For example, most modern toll-road systems use RFID devices that drivers attach to the windshield of their car, and each time a device is “read” by an antenna, the vehicle owner’s toll balance is incremented by the cost of that transit. RFID devices may also be used to track individuals (carrying tags), equipment (bearing tags), and so forth, within the premises of an enterprise for security monitoring.
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The measure in decibels of how much more power an antenna will radiate in a certain direction with respect to that which would be radiated by a reference antenna.
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A modulation technique in which the carrier frequency is shifted by an amount proportional to the value of the modulating signal. The amplitude of the carrier signal remains constant. The information signal causes the carrier signal to increase or decrease its frequency based on the waveform of the information signal.
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