Port Address Translation (PAT)

A mechanism for converting the internal private IP addresses found in packet headers into public IP addresses for transmission over the Internet.
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Private VLANs that are configured to use a dedicated or reserved uplink port. The members of a private VLAN or a port isolated VLAN can interact only with each other and over the predetermined exit port or uplink port. A common implementation of port isolation occurs in hotels.
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A piece of a packet. When a router is forwarding an IP packet to a network with a Maximum Transmission Unit smaller than the packet size, it is forced to break up that packet into multiple fragments. These fragments will be reassembled by the IP layer at the destination host. When a network receives a packet larger than its maximum allowable packet size, it breaks it up into two or more fragments. These fragments are each assigned a size (corresponding to the length of the fragment) and an offset (corresponding to the starting location of the fragment).
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A machine that connects two or more email systems (especially dissimilar mail systems on two different networks) and transfers messages between them. Sometimes the mapping and translation can be quite complex, and generally it requires a storeandforward scheme whereby the message is received from one system completely before it is transmitted to the next system after suitable translations.
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A mode of IPSec when used in a VPN. In tunnel mode, the entire IP packet is encrypted and a new header is added to the packet to govern transmission through the tunnel. An IPSec protocol used with ESP in which the header and contents of an IP packet are encrypted and encapsulated prior to transmission, and a new IP header is added.
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