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Switch
A mechanical, electrical, or electronic device that opens or closes circuits, completes or breaks an electrical path, or selects paths or circuits. A switch looks at incoming data to determine the destination address. Based on that address, a transmission path is set up through the switching matrix between the incoming and outgoing physical communications ports and links. A network device that is an intelligent hub because it knows the addresses of the systems connected on each outbound port. Instead of repeating traffic on every outbound port, a switch repeats only traffic out of the port on which the destination is known to exist. Switches offer greater efficiency for traffic delivery, create separate broadcast and collision domains, and improve the overall throughput of data.
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Highspeed switch that forwards packets between datalink segments. Most LAN switches forward traffic based on MAC addresses. This variety of LAN switch is sometimes called a frame switch. LAN switches are often categorized according to the method they use to forward traffic: cutthrough packet switching or storeandforward packet switching. Multilayer switches are an intelligent subset of LAN switches. Compare with multilayer switch. See also cutthrough packet switching, storeandforward packet switching.
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A device connected to several other devices. In ARCnet, a hub is used to connect several computers together. In a messagehandling service, a hub is used for transfer of messages across the network. An Ethernet hub is basically a “collapsed networkinabox” with a number of ports for the connected devices. A network device used to connect multiple systems together in a star topology. Hubs repeat inbound traffic over all outbound ports.
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The emerging layer 3 switching technology integrates routing with switching to yield very high routing throughput rates in the millionsofpacketspersecond range. The movement to layer 3 switching is designed to address the downsides of the current generation of layer 2 switches, which are functionally equivalent to bridges. These downsides for a large, flat network include being subject to broadcast storms, spanning tree loops, and address limitations that drove the injection of routers into bridged networks in the late 1980s. Currently, layer 3 switching is represented by a number of approaches in the industry.
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A variety of techniques used to scan a range of IP addresses, searching for systems with open network ports. Network discovery scanners do not actually probe systems for vulnerabilities but provide a report showing the systems detected on a network and the list of ports that are exposed through the network and server firewalls that lie on the network path between the scanner and the scanned system.
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The network portion of an IP address. For a class A network, the network address is the first byte of the IP address. For a class B network, the network address is the first 2 bytes of the IP address. For a class C network, the network address is the first 3 bytes of the IP address. In the Internet, assigned network addresses are globally unique.
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